BIO181: General Biology (Alu Sequences)

This guide is designed for students taking BIO181 (General Biology) from R. Cotter, A. Marti-Subirana, or M. McGraw.

Components of Scientific Research Articles

  • AbstractResults Section of Scientific Paper
  • Introduction
  • Methods
  • Results
  • Conclusion
  • References

Steps to Annotating A Scientific Paper

  1. Locate each of the components (Abstract, Introduction, etc.)
  2. Identify unfamiliar words in these sections that are important to understanding the research.
  3. Define the unfamiliar words. Use Google or Credo Reference dictionaries.  Try NHGRI Talking Glossary of Genetic Terms or Scitable Glossary from Nature.  
  4. Annotate each section by summarizing the main idea or paraphrasing important sentences.  Write to an audience of first-year college students.

Science in the Classroom

Science in the Classroom (SitC) features annotated  research articles published in the Science family of journals. SitC uses 7 categories of annotations, each called a "LEARNING LENS" - - Glossary, Previous work [Introduction], Author's experiments [Methods], Results and Conclusions, News and policy links, Learning standards, and References and notes.   Click on each LEARNING LENS to turn annotations on and off.  Figures in the papers also have tabs with more detailed explanations to help the reader.