Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association - 7th EditionAPA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the year of publication.
One Author: (Miller, 2019)
Two Authors: (Miller & Adams, 2016)
Three or more: (Smith et al., 2018)
No Author-List the Title of the Book or Article in quotes
("Herbs at a Glance," 2017)
Corporate Author
(National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2018)
No Date - Use n.d. (for no date)
(Smithers, n.d.)
Multiple Sources
When paraphrasing from multiple sources, include all author names in parentheses in alphabetical order; e.g. (Collins, 2018; Merrion & Rogers, 2019; Williams, 2013).
Author, A. A.
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B.
Date formats for websites:
(Year)
(Year, Month)
(Year, Month Day)
Below are some sample citations to help you get started. If your citation wraps to a second or third line, indent these lines by one-half inch from the left margin. This is called hanging indentation.
BOOK WITH ONE AUTHOR
Dudek, S. G. (2018). Nutrition essentials for nursing practice (8th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
BOOK WITH TWO OR MORE AUTHORS
Malarkey, L. M., & McMorrow, M. E. (2005). Saunders nursing guide to laboratory and diagnostic tests. Elsevier Saunders.
EDITED BOOK, NO UNIQUE AUTHORS
Brunton, L. B., Hilal-Dandan, R. & Knowlmann, B. C. (Eds.). (2018) Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. (13th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
CHAPTER IN AN EDITED BOOK
Cronin, S. N. & Miracle, K. (2005). Management of clients with lower airway and pulmonary vessel disorders. In J.M. Black & J.H. Hawks (Eds.), Medical-surgical nursing: Clinical management for positive outcomes (7th ed., pp. 1807-1836). Elsevier Saunders.
CHAPTER IN AN EDITED BOOK FROM GALE EBOOKS (Note: Same as above)
Bielawski, D. M. (2012). Traditional healing. In R. P. Capriccioso & P. Moglia (Eds.), Complementary and alternative medicine (Vol. 4, pp. 1309-1313). Salem Press.
COCHRANE SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
Ramaratnam, S., & Sridharan, K. (2000). Yoga for epilepsy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2000(3), Article CD001524.
(Note: When CD number is not given, leave out the "Article CDxxxxx" part of the citation).
ENTRY IN ENCYCLOPEDIA
Atkins, W. A. (2018). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In J.L. Longe, (Ed.), The Gale encyclopedia of nursing & allied health (4th ed., Vol. 2., pp. 54-56). Gale.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rios, J., & Passe, M. (2004). Evidence-based use of botanicals, minerals, and vitamins in the prophylactic treatment of migraines. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 16(6), 251-256.
JOURNAL ARTICLE WITH DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER (DOI)
Belavic, J. (2011). Migraine prophylactics. Nursing, 41(5), 67-68. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NURSE.0000396444.97122.ac
WEBPAGE (BASIC FORMAT)
Author, Institution, or Organization Responsible for the Website (if available). (Year, Month Day
website was last updated). Title or description of page. Title of website [if different from page title or organization author].
URL
NOTE: If there isn't a date available for the webpage, use (n.d.) for no date. Retrieval Date: Use only for a webpage whose contents are likely to change over time.
EXAMPLE FROM AHRQ (EVIDENCE REPORTS)
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2008, April). Diabetes education for children, structured abstract. http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/tp/diabedtp.htm
When there is no author for a webpage, the title moves to the first position in the reference entry. For example:
New child vaccine gets funding boost. (2001). Microsoft News. http://news.ninemsn.com.au/health/story_13178.asp
See also: APA webpage examples